By Sara Nazir

Pakistan, despite its minimal contribution to global emissions, faces severe climate impacts like flooding and drought. The country is actively addressing these challenges with ambitious projects such as the "10 Billion Tree Tsunami" and investments in renewable energy, while advocating for global climate justice and support for developing nations.

In the picturesque valleys of northern Pakistan, ancient glaciers are melting faster than ever, transforming serene landscapes into sites of chaos and devastation. Down south, in the heart of the country, farmers gaze at cracked, arid lands, praying for rain that has become increasingly scarce. This is the stark reality of climate change in Pakistan—a country that contributes minimally to global greenhouse gas emissions yet faces some of the most severe impacts. Pakistan's journey towards climate justice is a testament to resilience, determination, and an unwavering commitment to a sustainable future.

The Human Cost of Climate Change

For millions of Pakistanis, climate change is not an abstract concept but a harsh daily reality. In 2010, catastrophic floods submerged a fifth of the country, displacing over 20 million people and causing economic losses exceeding $10 billion. People lost homes, livelihoods, and, in many cases, hope. The recurring floods, along with droughts and heatwaves, continue to affect the most vulnerable populations, pushing them deeper into poverty.

In rural Sindh, a farmer named Ahmed struggles to grow crops on his ancestral land. "The rains are unpredictable now," he says, his weathered hands tracing the dry, cracked soil. "My father and his father before him could rely on the seasons. Now, we can only pray."

Despite these challenges, Pakistan is not sitting idly by. The government, alongside local communities and NGOs, has launched several initiatives to combat climate change and build resilience. One of the most ambitious projects is the "10 Billion Tree Tsunami." This initiative aims to plant 10 billion trees across the country, restoring forests, curbing soil erosion, and absorbing carbon dioxide. It’s a massive undertaking that has mobilized communities nationwide, providing jobs and fostering a culture of environmental stewardship.

Introduced in 2012, the National Climate Change Policy (NCCP) provides a strategic framework for tackling climate change. It focuses on integrating climate resilience into national planning, promoting sustainable agriculture, and protecting water resources. Local governments are increasingly adopting these guidelines, tailoring them to address specific regional vulnerabilities. In the bustling city of Karachi, solar panels are becoming a common sight. Pakistan is investing heavily in renewable energy, aiming to generate 30% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030. This shift not only reduces carbon emissions but also provides cleaner, more reliable energy to millions of homes.

With water scarcity posing a critical threat, Pakistan has prioritized the construction of dams and reservoirs. These projects, like the Diamer-Bhasha Dam, aim to enhance water storage capacity and ensure a stable water supply for agriculture and domestic use, mitigating the impacts of droughts.
Advocating for Global Climate Justice

Pakistan’s efforts extend beyond its borders. The country is a vocal advocate for climate justice on the international stage, pushing for fair treatment and support for developing nations. Pakistan is a committed signatory to the Paris Agreement. Despite its low emissions, it has pledged to reduce its projected emissions by 20% by 2030, contingent on international assistance. This demonstrates Pakistan's willingness to be part of the global solution, even as it grapples with significant domestic challenges.

In international forums, Pakistan consistently calls on developed nations to fulfill their promises of climate finance and technology transfer. "We are on the front lines of climate change," says Malik Amin Aslam, Advisor to the Prime Minister on Climate Change. "We need the world's support to build resilience and transition to a sustainable future." Recognizing that climate change knows no borders, Pakistan collaborates with neighboring countries on issues like water resource management and disaster risk reduction. These efforts are crucial in a region where shared rivers and ecosystems demand collective action.

The Path to Climate Justice

The concept of climate justice is rooted in fairness and equity. Pakistan’s minimal contribution to global emissions contrasts sharply with the severe impacts it endures. Achieving climate justice means acknowledging this disparity and ensuring that those who have contributed the least to the problem are supported the most.

Developed nations must step up their support, providing the promised $100 billion annually in climate finance. This funding is vital for developing countries like Pakistan to implement mitigation and adaptation strategies effectively. Additionally, mechanisms for loss and damage compensation need to be strengthened to address the irreversible impacts of climate change on vulnerable communities.

A Shared Responsibility

The story of Pakistan’s struggle against climate change is a poignant reminder of our shared responsibility. The resilience and determination of Pakistanis, from policymakers to farmers like Ahmed, highlight the human spirit’s capacity to adapt and persevere. However, their efforts need to be matched by global solidarity and support.

Climate justice is not just about addressing environmental impacts; it’s about ensuring that every nation, every community, and every individual has the opportunity to thrive in a sustainable world. As Pakistan continues its journey towards a greener future, the global community must stand with it, acknowledging our interconnected destinies and the collective challenge we face.

Author’s Bio:

Sara Nazir is currently serving as visiting faculty at the Department of Politics and International Relations, International Islamic University, Islamabad, (IIUI). She holds an MS in Strategic Studies from Air University Islamabad and her research focuses on South Asian nuclear politics, hybrid warfare, and emerging technologies.